THE DYNAMIC MODEL OF INTONATION: A STUDY OF MICROTONAL INTONATION IN PERFORMANCES OF THE SONATA "HORA LUNGĂ" FOR VIOLA SOLO BY GEORGY LIGETI
Keywords:
intonation, non-fixed pitch instruments, microtonal intonation, Georgy Ligeti, Hora lungăAbstract
Most intonation studies have been performed on music written for an equally tempered standard. Very little research has addressed microtonal intonation, and the results cannot give a definite answer regarding tendencies. However, it seems to be virtually clear that microtonal intonation has dynamics as well.
With the aim to confirm the fact of dynamics of microtonal intonation in performance and to gain deeper insights into its tendencies, I conducted a study. For my analysis, I chose Georgy Ligeti’s Hora lungă for viola solo because there was a sufficient number of recordings in CD format and available on YouTube – a total of 16 recordings.
I analysed every B3 pitch (which means the pitch is lowered by 49 cents or approximately one quartertone) in each of the sixteen performances, or twenty two pitches in each performance. I used the Praat software for frequency analysis.
Downloads
References
Literatūra un interneta resursi
Blums, David (1977). Casals and the Art of Interpretation. London: Heinemann
Brown, Rebekah Ann (1996). Dynamics of Intonation in Performances by Artist Violinists. Doctoral dissertation. Indiana University
Cummings, Cristopher Paul (2007). The Effects of Instrument Type, Stimulus Timbre, and Harmonic Context on Tuning Accuracy. Doctoral dissertation. University of Oregon
Duke, Robert A. (1985). Wind instrumentalists’ intonational performance of selected musical intervals. Journal of Research in Music Education 33, pp. 101–111
Duffin, Ross W. (2007). How Equal Temperament Ruined Harmony (and Why You Should Care). New York: W.W. Norton & Company
Fyk, Janina (1995). Melodic Intonation: Psychoacoustics, and the Violin. Zielona Gora: Organon
Garbuzov, Nikolai (1948) = Nikolaj Garbuzov (1948). Zonnaâ priroda zvukovysotnogo sluha [Skaņaugstumu dzirdes zonālais raksturs]. Moskva-Leningrad: Izdatelʹstvo Akademii nauk SSSR
Geller, Doris (1997). Praktische Intonationslehre für Instrumentalisten und Sänger. Kassel u. a.: Bärenreiter
Greene, Paul C. (1937). Violin intonation. Journal of the Acoustic Society of America 9, pp. 43–44
Ivane, Karlina (2014). Study of performance and perception of microintervals in Gyorgy Ligeti’s Hora lunga. In: Conference Proceedings of SGEM Conference on Arts, Performing Arts, Architecture and Designe. Sofia: STEF92 Technology Ltd, pp. 411–418
Jedrzejewski, Franck (2002). Matematiques des systemes acoustiques. Paris: L’Harmattan
Johnson, Peter (1999). Intonation and interpretation in string quartet performance: The case of the flat leading note. ICMPC 2000 Proceeding Paper (URL: http://www.escom.org/proceedings/ICMPC2000/Tue/Johnson.htm; pēdējoreiz atvērts 2014. gada 1. decembrī)
Kantorski, Vincent J. (1986). String instrument intonation in upper and lower registers: The effects of accompaniment. Journal of Research in Music Education 34 (3), pp. 200–210
Knipper, Till (2013). Exploring microtonal performance of “…Plainte…” by Klaus Huber for viola d’amore in third-tone tuning. Musicae Scientiae 24, pp. 376–397
Knox, Gart (2009). Viola Spaces. Contemporary Viola Studies. Mainz: Schott
Kopiez, Reinhard (2003). Intonation of harmonic intervals: Adaptibility of expert musicians to equal temperaments and just intonation. Music Perception 20 (4), pp. 383–410
Kreichgauer, Alfons (1932). Ueber Maβbestimmungen freier Intonationen. Berlin: Ebering Leedy, Douglas, & Bruces Haynes. Intonation. Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online (URL: www.oxfordmusiconline.com:80/subscriber/article/grove/music/53762; pēdējoreiz atvērts 2014. gada 8. augustā)
Madsen, Clifford K. (1966). The effect of scale direction on pitch acuity in solo vocal performance. Journal of Research in Music Education 14 (4), pp. 266–275
Maneri, Joe (2000). What is Your Favorite Tuning System? Why? (URL: http://www.newmusicbox.org/articles/What-isyour-favorite-tuning-system-Why-Joe-Maneri-Composerand- Saxophonist/; pēdējoreiz atvērts 2014. gada 8. augustā)
Mantel, Gerhard (2002). Intonation, Spielräume für Streicher. Mainz [u. a.]: Schott
Morrison, Steven J. (2000). Effect of melodic context, tuning behaviors, and experience on the intonation accuracy of wind players. Journal of Research in Music Education 48 (1), pp. 39–51
Mozart, Leopold (1948). A Treatise on the Fundamental Principles of Violin Playing. Translated by Editha Knocker. London: Oxford University Press
O’Malley, Pamela (1983). Cellist Pablo Casals on expressive intonation. The Strad (October) (URL: http://www.thestrad.com/cpt-latests/cellist-pablo-casals-on-expressive-intonation/; pēdējoreiz atvērts 2014. gada 8. augustā)
Ornoy, Eitan (2008). An empirical study of intonation in performances of J.S. Bach’s Sarabandes: Temperament, ‘melodic charge’ and ‘melodic intonation’. Orbis Musicae 14, pp. 37–76
Pakusa, Peter (1991). Jenseits der zwölf Töne: Untersuchungen an neuerer Vokalmusik unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von Vierteltonkompositionen. Hamburg: University of Hamburg
Salzberg, Rita S. (1980). The effects of visual stimulus and instruction on intonation accuracy of string instrumentalists. Psychology of Music 8, pp. 42–49
Shackford, Charles (1961). Some aspects of perception. Part I: Sizes of harmonic intervals in performance. Journal of Music Theory 5, pp. 162–202
Small, Arnold M. (1937). An objective analysis of artistic violin performance. In: Carl Emil Seashore (ed.). University of Iowa Studies in the Psychology of Music IV. Iowa City: University of Iowa, pp. 172–231
Small, Arnold M. (1982). The effect of a simultaneous melodic stimulus on harmony intonation of college singers. Psychology of Music 10 (2), pp. 18–25
Sogin, David W. (1989). An analysis of string instrumentalists’ performed intonational adjustments within an ascending and descending pitch set. Journal of Research in Music Education 37, pp. 104–111
Spohr, Louis (1832). Violinschule. Wien: Tobias Haslinger
Thies, Wolfgang (2002). Intonationsspielräume in der Darbietung eines Streichquartetts: Messungen an Mikrotonmusik. In: Christoph-Hellmut Mahling und Kristina Pfarr. Aspekte historischer und systematischer Musikforschung: Zur Symphonie im 19. Jahrhundert, zu Fragen der Musiktheorie, der Wahrnehmung von Musik und Anderes. Mainz: Are Edition, S. 543–549
Vogel, Martin (1975). Die Lehre von den Tonbeziehungen. Bonn/Bad Godesberg: Verlag für Systematische Musikwissenschaft GmbH
Analizētie skaņieraksti
Beckett, Paul (2012). URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=74Ay7zCfGJU; pēdējoreiz atvērts 2014. gada 8. augustā
Carraro, Federico (2011). URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LP9vIfrm5ro; pēdējoreiz atvērts 2014. gada 8. augustā
Ellenbogen, Sahsta (2010). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8aCcf4k8c8w; pēdējoreiz atvērts 2014. gada 8. augustā
Els, Susanne van (2009). CD album Ligeti, Lux Aeterna. Harmonia Mundi: HMC 901985
Hsiao, Sofia (1994). URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=18EjGWB3TYE; pēdējoreiz atvērts 2014. gada 8. augustā
Imai, Nobuko (2012). CD album Ligeti, 1948–2001: A Ligeti Odyssey. BIS: BIS 1503
Īvāne, Karlīna (2013). URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6w5xxqJxazA; pēdējoreiz atvērts 2014. gada 8. augustā
Kashkashian, Kim (2012). CD album Kurtag & Ligeti Music for Viola. ECM Records: ECM 2240
Knox, Gart (2008). URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wg5aYmiOqNQ; pēdējoreiz atvērts 2014. gada 8. augustā
Nezināms (2011). URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VmfOEkVgwhc; pēdējoreiz atvērts 2014. gada 8. augustā
Paull, Pemi (2008). URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i48vJNWMA_4; pēdējoreiz atvērts 2014. gada 8. augustā
Power, Lawrence (2001). CD album Ligeti, Prokofiev, Roslavets, Takemitsu: Works for Viola. Harmonia Mundi: HMN911756
Strosser, Geneviève (2011). CD album Sonate pour alto. Aeon: AECD 1100
Stumm, Jennifer (2013). URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W0zwzRxLBjI; pēdējoreiz atvērts 2014. gada 8. augustā
Tamestit, Antoine (2006 & 2007). CD album Bach/Ligeti/Chaconne. Naïve: NAI 111
Zimmermann, Tabea (1998). CD album Geörgy Ligeti Edition. Vol. 7. Sony Classical: 00000BZX7
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Mūzikas akadēmijas raksti
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
